Therapeutic ultrasound is utilized by physical therapists to deliver a high frequency mechanical vibration to facilitate healing at a cellular level. Therapeutic ultrasound is often used by physiotherapists to reduce pain, increase circulation and increase mobility of soft tissues. Additionally, the application of ultrasound can be helpful in the reduction of inflammation, reducing pain and the healing of injuries and wounds.The ultrasound unit should include a generator unit, a programmer to control parameters and a transducer head[1]. Ultrasound therapy causes mechanical vibrations, from high frequency sound waves, on skin and soft tissue via an aqueous medium. The transducer head converts power from the generator into acoustic power that can cause thermal or non-thermal effects .[1]The parameters (frequency, duration and intensity) are set on the programme controller by the user. When setting these parameters, the user must consider the calculations for treatment duration, target tissue type and depth[1]
The response to ultrasound in this stage is dependent on if therapy was initiated in the inflammatory phase. Application of thermal ultrasound during this phase affects the collagen extensibility and enzyme activity and therefore also improves tensile strength of the healing tissue.[2]
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Ernst completed a systematic review of 5 studies that utilized ultrasound therapy for patients with leg ulcers and pressure sores. They used low-dose (low intensity) ultrasound which proved to be effective as an adjunct to promote wound healing.[4] This has been also confirmed by other systematic reviews.
Kavros, Miller and Hanna evaluated the role of noncontact low-intensity, low-frequency ultrasound in the treatment of a non-healing leg and foot ulcer with chronic limb ischemia. Ultrasound therapy was administered 3 times per week for 5 minutes, each treatment. Results showed an increase in the rate of healing when coupled with standard wound care.[5]
Pertussis (also known as whooping cough) is one of the most contagious diseases around. Caused by a bacterium (Bordetella pertussis), whooping cough makes children cough uncontrollably. The cough is often so hard and so persistent that children can't catch their breath and make a "whooping" sound when they attempt to breathe in against a windpipe severely narrowed by mucus. The cough can be so violent that people with pertussis can crack ribs, break blood vessels, or develop hernias. Pneumonia or seizures can also develop. Young infants can also experience bouts of apnea in which they briefly stop breathing.
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